The effect of petrochemical industry wastewater pollutants on morphology and anatomy of Brasica napus

The wastewater of petrochemical industry is one source of heavy metals and water pollution. The Mahshahar petrochemical industry wastewater is polluted with heavy metals (lead, cadmium, manganese, copper, chrome). In this study, the effect of petrochemical wastewater pollutants studied on morphology and anatomy of Brasica in the controled condituion of green house. The plant irrigation with different concentrations of wastewater (0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) started at two leaves stage and continued for one month. Then, for anatomical study the cross-sections were prepared from stems, roots and leaves, stained and then viewed and photographed using a light microscope. The stomatal and epidermal cell density and length and width of guard cells significantly decreased in 50%, 75% and 100% of wastewater concentrations. Also, the wastewater pollutants caused a significant reduction in epidermal and cortex thickness in stems and roots. The xylem of stem significantly decreased under 75% and 100% of wastewater treatments. The results showed that wastewater treatment had no significant effect on epidermal and mesophyll thickness and xylem of leaves. The plant height, fresh and dry weight, and leaf area significantly reduced with increasing the wastewater concentrations. This study showed the negative effect of pollutants on agriculture and importance of sewage treatment of petrochemical industry

Keywords:

Anatomy , morphology , heavy metal , wastewater