Education and Counseling and Their Roles in Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health

Backgrounds: Adolescents (aged 11 to 19) account for 18% of the world s total population, 88% of whom live in developing countries. Every year, 7.3 million girls are under 18 years of age give birth and in total, 95% of all births of adolescent mothers occur in developing countries. Currently, one in nine girls in developing countries is under pressure to marry under the age of 15. Annually, 3.2 million adolescents die from unsafe abortions and 70,000 adolescents die due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Material and Method :This study was a kind of meta-analysis, through the search of authoritative websites and the review of a large number of articles and authoritative foreign and domestic sources, as well as studies on the state of reproductive health of adolescents, the most important challenges ahead and the role of education and counseling. In control of these challenges. Result: According to the latest WHO data, many causes threaten sexual and reproductive health adolescents. In many societies, girls are under pressure for early marriage and childbirth (In countries with lower income levels more than 30% of girls before the age of 18 and about 14% marry before age 15).Education and counseling are also a major contributor to these problems, while the overall coverage of education and counseling in developing countries is very low and most countries do not have this adolescent services. Another major challenge for adolescent reproductive and sexual health is sexual violence or forced sex (10% of girls under the age of 15 were forced into their first sexual encounters). Also, pregnancy in this group, which is often unwanted and early, can provide grounds for unprotected abortions or serious consequences of pregnancy and childbirth for the mother and the baby.Conclusion: The most important thing that needs to be done to improve adolescent fertility and sexual health is preventing unplanned pregnancies and other dangers from reproductive and sexual health. Here are the suggestions below:1.Efforts to improve the knowledge and skills of health care providers in the field of counseling and education related to reproductive and sexual health of adolescents.2. Eliminating legal and cultural barriers to accessing information, counseling and reproductive health services, especially in schools.3. Full access to all reproductive and sexual health services including condoms, other appropriate contraceptives and interventions to prevent, treat and care for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.