Chemical Composition and Repellent Activity of Heracleum persicum, Achillea vermiculata, Satureja hortensis and Ferulago angulata against Anopheles stephensi

Background: One of the effective ways to control malaria disease and to protect human against Anopheles mosquito biting is the use of repellents. Throughout repellents, herbal ones may be an appropriate and safe source for protection.Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the repellent properties of four plants including Satoreja hortensis, Achillea vermiculata, Heracleum persicum, and Ferulago angulata essential oil against Anopheles stephensi laboratory condition under animal model and also to determine chemical compositions in their essential oils.Materials and Methods: Chemical constituents of H. persicum, A. vermiculata, F. angulata and S. hortensis were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Efficacy and the protection time of these plants were assessed on Anopheles stephensi under laboratory condition.Results: The mean assessed protection time and efficacy for S. hortensis were 4.16 and 5 hours respectively and the obtained ED50 and ED90 for this plant were 5.63 and 45.75μl/cm2 μl/cm2 respectively. Also, the mean protection time and efficacy estimated 2.16 and 3.16 hours for A. vermiculata, 2.0 and 2.30 hours for H. persicum and 1.0 and 2.06 hours for F. angulata. The ED50 were 5.67, 15.88 and 18.12 μl/cm2 for A. vermiculata, H. persicum and F. angulate respectively. The ED90 were 63, 89.52 and 93.19 μl/cm2 for A. vermiculata, H. persicum and F. angulata respectivelyConclusion: Results showed that S. hortensis plant has an acceptable protection time, so this plant could be regarded as a useful Anopheles mosquito repellent.

Keywords:

Satureja hortensis , Anopheles stephensi , Repellency , Protection time