Genomic Editing with CRISPR / CAS9 for Breeding New Breeds: From Idea to Truth

Abstract:The final objective of breeding is to increase livestock production while maintaining other desirable traits, including increasing the longevity, fertility and improving the immune system, and eliminating those livestock with low productivity and undesirable traits [1]. With the arrival of modern genetic engineering in animal breeding, accurate prediction of animal breeding values was increased, and the decreasing of generation interval, eventually, genetic progression in the year significantly were increased, especially in heritability traits[2,3,4]. One of the ideas discussed by researchers in animal breeding is genome editing with the help of (CRISPR / CAS9) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats[5]. CRISPR plays the role of the immune system in bacteria against the virus [6]. CRISPR is the name of a gene area in bacteria and arches. This genetic region is active in identifying invading viruses and activating Nucleasetic enzymes to destroy their genome. There are many dilemmas in the animal breeding process facing the researchers[7,8,9]. This technique can be used to treat genetic diseases[10] , Infectious diseases of livestock[11] , viral diseases of birds and poultry[12] and improved milk ingredients[13].

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Keywords: Genomic Editing , CRISPR , Animal Breeding , Genetic Engineering