Finite element analysis of buried steel pipelines under reverse fault displacements

Buried pipelines often serve as lifelines in that they may carry resources that are essential to the support of human life (water and natural gas). When such pipelines crossactive earthquake faults, there is potential for major damage to the pipeline and thus there is significant interest within the seismic design community in being able to accuratelypredict their response to such faulting. This study focuses on the numerical modeling ofpipelines subjected to reverse faulting, local buckling of buried pipelines subjected tofault offsets and numerical simulation of lateral soil-pipe interaction. The numericalmodels are developed within a finite element analysis framework wherein simplified the complex three-dimensional (continuum) models, which can more accurately reflect thenature of soil-pipeline interaction, are utilized. The results are presented in diagram form,which depicts the critical fault displacement, and the corresponding critical strain versus the pipe diameter-to-thickness ratio. The numerical results showed the advantage of theproposed approach is that it can easily deal both with extensional and compressional deformation fields, and can be extended with no major difficulties both to normal andreverse faults. Furthermore, the proposed method can easily be extended to deal withinhomogeneous soil conditions that may play an important role on the location of pipedamage. A potential further extension is the study of pipeline response to large landslideinduced offsets, for which failure mechanisms similar to those studied in this work can be proposed.

Keywords:

buried pipeline , reverse faulting , seismic design , finite element simulations