Application of Strut and-Tie Models for Design of Boundary Elements of Shear Wall

Design by strut-and-tie models (STM)is an emerging method that simultaneously considers shear forces,bending and torsional moments, providing appropriate and optimum design for structures.These models, replace the structure with a simple truss, although several models can be considered for more complexstructures. The objective of the present research is to study the strut-and-tie models in shear wall with openings and to investigate effects of boundary element of shear wall in STM. Results show that STM is a powerful technique for design of shear walls.Results also show that boundary elements significantly affect the strength and ductility of shear walls

Keywords:

Strut-and-tie (STM) , reinforced concrete RC shear wall , boundary elements , topology optimization