Cronobacter sakazakii in Immunocompromised and Hospitalized Patients

Publish Year: 1397
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: English
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ICCM12_088

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 1 دی 1397

Abstract:

Background and Objectives: Cronobacter sakazakii is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is an emergent food-borne pathogen associated with ingestion of infant formula milk112that can cause neonatal sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, and meningitis. The biofilm and capsule have been shown to reduce the efficacy of various common sanitizing methods such as UV-light radiation, high osmotic pressures, heat, dry conditions, starvation, low pH, detergents, antibiotics, phagocytes, antibodies and some bacteriophages. Materials and Methods: This review is focused on the role of the Cronobacter sakazakii in humans infections. The key words for the review of literature were as follows: C. sakazakii, genetics, epidemiology, transmission routes, clinical manifestation, treatment and prevention of infections. We searched medical databases such as ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus.Results: Cronobacter sakazakii is considerd as etiological agent of life-threatening bacterial infections in infants group and an opportunistic organism. It constitutes a microbiological hazard in the infant food chain, with historic high mortality in neonates. The International Commission for Microbiological Specifications for Foods has categorized C. sakazakii as Severe hazard bacterium for restricted individuals, long duration, substantial chronic sequelae, or life threatening. Although the incidence of C. sakazakii infection is low, the prognosis of disease is poor, and infection is related with significant morbidity and mortality. Powdered infant formula (PIF) milk products contaminated with C. sakazakii have been epidemiologically linked to several clinical cases. Premature infants and Low-birth-weight, and patients hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) ward are considered to be more at infection risk than older infants. Because of the ubiquitous nature of Cronobacter sakazakii and the mystery surrounding its pathogenesis, preventive measures by parents, infant formula manufacturers, and health care providers will be important in the prevention of C. sakazakii related infections.Conclusion: In adults reconstituted dairy products should be avoided in immunosuppressed populations. Appropriate barrier precautions should be observed in NICU and ICU settings, where spread of infection may be more prevalent. We recommend a focus on simple preventative strategies such as the promotion of breast milk feeding, inclusion of warnings on powdered infant formula packages that they may be contaminated with C. sakazakii, and abstinence from the practice of re-warming of reconstituted formula.

Authors

Jalal Mardaneh

Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran

Majid Validi

Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

Mahdieh Sadat Alavi

Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran

Mahdieh Zendedel

Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran