The Study of Electronic City and Electronic Citizen

Electronic city is a city where its citizens' affairs; including governmental services and private sector organizations are online and are doing their duties as boarding, seven days a week, high quality and safety By taking advantage of information and communication technology tools (ICT) and its usages. Overall the Smart City project means that all required services must provide to the citizens through the information networks; Thus there is no need for the citizens to travel to access governmental services and private institutions, in other words, Digital Offices are replaced by physical offices and Units and agencies such as municipalities, public transport and water display their services to their customers virtually. Nowadays, with the development of electronic technology and communication and emphasizes the problem of creating smart cities has created many jobs that meet their needs. Nowadays, development of electronic technology and communication and emphasizes on the creating of smart cities have been created many jobs that meet their needs. Developed countries have provided the possibility to governments to Transparent their activities, Especially in areas where have direct contact with the people, not only to reduce the violations resulting from the wrong administrative structure, but also to facilitate urban life and the availability of essential services to people. This paper aims at defining electronic city and its goals in the developing world. The aim of this paper is to identify electronic city and its principals in relation to each other.During the latest years of XX century, two important phenomena have been emerging: urbanization and information and communication technologies (e.g. ICT). Eighties’ and nineties’ technological advancement and economic growth contributed to increase well-being, mainly in the greater urban centers. This fostered the urbanization leading to a progressive abandonment of rural areas towards greater cities and metropolis, which can offer many opportunities in terms of work, education, social life and so on. People strong inclination to concentrate in cities generated both positive and negative effects at global level [1]. On one hand it causes the increasing of cultural level, the creation of new job opportunities and an improvement of economic conditions. On the other hand, concentration in cities increased traffic jam, carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases emissions and waste disposal with consequences on health conditions. City dimension drives energy and natural resources demand, the need of territory redevelopment and adequate infrastructures availability. In this scenario, to save the earth and people health, the idea of smart cities emerges, that is, cities able to solve urban issues paying attention to the environment. For this reason, in the nineties, the concept of smart growth has begun to spread: it implies a community-driven reaction to solve traffic congestion, school overcrowding, air pollution, loss of open space and skyrocketing public facilities cost [2].

Keywords:

Electronic City , E-Government , Electronic citizen , Electronic municipality , E–learning , E-commerce , Smart city , Digital city , Literature review , ICT , Urban strategies