Load-based stability equation and damage development for rubble mound breakwaters

The present paper describes a new stability equation for rock armoured slopes derived on the basis of the recorded wave induced forces and the resistance forces. Based on comprehensive wave force measurements and measurements of resistance forces a new lifting stability formula is presented. The new lifting stability formula is compared with well-known design formulae (Hudson and Van der Meer). Considerable scatter is found both in present design formulae and the new lifting stability formulae. However, some reduction in the scatter is observed by the new lifting stability formula. The new lifting stability formula is compared with recently performed model tests. The comparison indicates that some further adjustments could be necessary.

Keywords:

Rubble mound breakwaters , stability , rock armour , wave forces