MicroRNAs expression signatures as a novel approach in cancer detection

Cancer is a genetic disease and currently become one of threatening life factor and yearly many health expenditures devoted to its treatment. Mortality rate due to cancer is linked with its progression into advanced stage so its detection in early stages is the most promising approach to enhance long-term survival of individuals with cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are type of single strand RNA which are involved in post-transcription regulation. These molecules by direct targeting mRNAs play crucial role in cellular process. Due to their stability and ease of detection, they are usable as a powerful biomarker in different disease especially cancer. Recently it was disclosed that aberrant expression levels of miRNAs occur in different cancer compare to normal controls. It also has been found that miR expression signatures also known as precision medicine are linked with specific stage in cancer progression so miRNA as a biomarker enable us to detect cancer before the onset of metastasis.Percision medicine is also being used to characterized tumors at the molecular level, and several clinical successes have shown that such information can guide the design of drugs targeted to a relevant molecule. In this review, we introduce some major biomarker involved in cancer and their application in cancer detection.

Keywords:

Cancer , miRNA , Biomarker , precision medicine