Mechanical Properties and Swelling Behavior of Acrylamide Hydrogels using Montmorillonite and Kaolinite as Clays

The elucidation of soil residual hydrocarbon (SRH) in oil-impacted dumpsite soils is aimed at distinguishing the principal source (municipal waste dumpsite or oil well-head clusters) of petroleum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the mangrove environment receiving mineral oil loading form mixed anthropogenic influences. Chemical fingerprints of soil specimen were obtained on determination by gas chromatographic – flame ionization detection (GC-FID) technique using an HP 5890 series II instrument. Flt/Pyr ratios revealed the presence of petrogenic hydrocarbons while carbon preference index (CPI) showed soils composed mainly of degraded material and fossil fuels, apart from location E-2 which was loaded with non-biodegraded biological materials using Ph/nC18 data. Elucidation of Pr/nC17 ratios showed that the retention of non-biodegraded hydrocarbon was decimated at locations E-4 and E-6 due to reduced microbial degradation in comparison to the other field areas. Overall, the soil was insignificantly impacted by terrestrial sources, as greater magnitude came from surrounding oil well clusters. Therefore, soil toxicants are likely to be bio-accumulated in crops growing along proximate farmlands, especially nypa palm fruits which are commonly consumed. It is imperative to avoid ingesting herbage or other nutriments from this area until residual oil seepages are effectively controlled and hydrocarbons have been monitored for substantial degradation.

Keywords:

Soil residual hydrocarbon , Carbon preference index , Total petroleum hydrocarbon , Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon , Eagle Island