A feasibility study on beef tallow conversion to some esters for biodiesel production

Background: Nowadays, management and recycling of industrial by-products are one of the most important issuesin developing and developed countries. Beef tallow is one of these residues produced in slaughter houses andprimarily is utilized in soap production industry. However, when this industry is overloaded, the extra fats are usuallyincinerated or disposed in a sanitary landfill. However, beef tallow may be consumed in biodiesel production.Therefore, in this work, the process of biodiesel production in a pilot plant has been studied using beef tallow asraw material with methanol and potassium hydroxide as catalyst. The quality of the produced biodiesel is evaluatedusing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method.Results: FTIR analysis showed that the final product contains ester compositions which can be used as biodieselfuel in diesel engines. The viscosity of natural beef tallow was very high, and actually, it was solid; however, aftertransesterification the viscosity of the final product decreased, and it became liquid. The viscosity of the finalproduct measured at 40°C was 5.3 mm2 s−1, and the comparison of this biodiesel with the data of ASTMD-445standard resulted in the similarity of this product with petroleum diesel (3 to 12 mm2 s−1).Conclusions: Alkaline transesterification of beef tallow with methanol decreases the viscosity of the finalsynthesized product and produces a high quality biodiesel for diesel engines. Beef tallow is one of the low costresidual materials available in slaughter houses. Therefore, the slaughter houses can be considered as one of the available sources to produce biodiesel. In this research, the process of biodiesel production from beef tallow was validated, but the economical viability must be improved by recovering methanol and glycerol.

Keywords:

Biodiesel , Beef tallow , Transesterification , Diesel fuel , FTIR analysis