Eco-friendly and modern methods of livestock waste recycling for enhancing farm profitability

The livestock waste is major source of noxiousgases, harmful pathogens and odor; hence, it has publichealth and environmental concern. Hence, livestock wasteis to be managed properly to mitigate production of thesepollutants in order to protect environment. Proper utilizationof livestock waste into biogas, compost and vermicompostmaking can be very useful to increase crop yieldand sustainability. The work carried out regarding livestockwaste management and value addition in some developedand some developing countries have been reviewed. Indiaand China are the two leading Asian countries using biogastechnology. The biogas can be successfully purified andafter bottling at 150 bar pressure can be used as CNGcylinders in vehicular and cooking application. The biogasplant of 60 m3 capacity if used for biogas bottling can save$147/day. The integration of composting and vermicompostingis better compared to either composting or vermicompostingas it requires less time to complete cycle andfurthermore, the substrates produced after combined processhas better physical and chemical properties which cansupport crops. The recent work suggested that algae cultivationfrom livestock waste can be converted into bio-oiland other many valuable products. The waste fed or livestockintegrated fish farming has good potential to generatethe income.