Does Obesity Effects On Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer resulting from the accumulation of genetic mutations in plasmacells and represents approximately 10%of all hematologic cancers .Along the uncontrolled growth ofmyeloma cells, MM causes disruption of bone marrow(BM)and cancer-induced bone disease.Adipose tissue is one of the main components of the BM niche, especially in old age and obesity.Adipocytes secrete various adipokines ,inflammatory factors and reciprocal signaling betweenadipocytes and cancer cells which reported to contribute to tumor initiation, growth and metastasisin several types of cancer. Obesity influences myeloma mortality in early adulthood and later in lifeand women have the highest risk of death from this cancer if they remain heavy throughoutadulthood. BMI (body mass index) is routinely used as a measure of adiposity. Adiponectin, aprotein that is decreased during obesity and has anti-myeloma properties making it an attractivepotential therapeutic in MM. The association between obesity and MM risk may be partly attributedto reduced circulating levels of adiponectin in obese individuals. Low BMI, thrombocytopenia andrenal failure were strong predictors for early mortality(EM) . Low BMI (<20 kg/m2) was significantlyassociated with EM, and 27.1 % of patients with low BMI died within 12 months of diagnosis. Each5kg/m2 increase in BMI is associated with an increase of 10% in cancer-related death. Numerousreports have shown that obesity is positively correlated with leptin expression, and adipocytes,partially through their expression of soluble leptin , contribute to MM pathogenesis. Some studieshave reported positive correlation between BMI and adhesion and angiogenesis of MM cells.Moreover, they identified hormonal, lipid, and signaling factor dysregulation in obese adipocytesthat can contribute to MM growth and progression. Each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI is associated withan increase of 10% in cancer-related death. Targeting lipid metabolism of cancer cells andadipocytes in combination with standard anti myeloma therapies will likely reveal noveltherapeutic avenues through which to attack hematological malignancies. Maintaining a healthybody weight throughout life may reduce MM.