Crisper/cas9, a revolution in cancer gene therapy

Publish Year: 1396
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: English
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NASTARANCANSER03_142

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 7 اسفند 1396

Abstract:

Cancer is one of the most serious health issues and an important leading cause of mortality and morbidity in today’s world. Advances in molecular research have greatly expanded our knowledge andunderstanding of the mechanism of progression and spread of cancer. Generally, cancer is the result of a series of innate and acquired mutations leading to activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Developing effective tools to correct such mutations is of great importance in cancer treatment. Accordingly, Gene therapy, a new technology capable of targeting diseases like cancer, has drawn significant attention. Different gene therapy approaches are developing as strong therapeutic applications in this field such as transferring foreign genes into target cells, using oncolytic virusesprogrammed to specifically target tumor cells, immunomodulatory strategies and direct gene editing. However, recent researches have made a revolution in the filed of gene therapy by developing a precisegenome editing tool. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated with nuclease Cas9 (CRISPER/Cas9), an RNAguided genome-editing tool derived from microbialadaptive immune defense system, is a flexible and highly specific tool to make desirable modifications in genome. Correcting different mutations within tumor cells or editing alleles known to be associatedwith increased risk of cancer are two main strategies proposed to suppress cancer development through CRISPER/Cas9 system. Nevertheless, in spite of considerable advances, there are still many obstacles to overcome for the clinical application of CRISPER/Cas9 technology including its safety, specificity, efficacy, delivery methods and potential immunogenicity. Moreover, there is an urgent need foraddressing and settling down the controversy regarding the ethical and legal aspects of modifying human genetic content. In this review, the strategies of cancer gene therapy through crisper/cas9 technology and the challenges of using this system for clinical application will be discussed

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Authors

Maryam Abbasi Shaye

Department Of Biology, Faculty Of Science, Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran