Exosome as a natural nanocarier in immune disease

Abstract: Exosomes as naturally occurred nanoparticles (30-100 nm vesicles) have endosomal origin which are produce and secrete into the extracellular matrix by diverse type of cells. They have essential role in establishing intercellular communications by transferring the wide variety of proteins and different types of nucleic acids (DNA, mRNA, miRNAs, lncRNAs) from one cell to another. Depending on the cell type of exosome origin and the exosome contents(cargo), they can have immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory effects on the cell microenvironment. Therefore, they can be targeted, modified and used as a natural and efficient nanocarrier for treatment of different autoimmune diseases, including Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Also, Exosomes can be isolated from different body fluids and used as novel biomarker for detection of different immune disease, because the exosomes contents is a reflection of their origin cell.

Keywords:

Exosomes , Nanoparticle , immune system , autoimmune diseases