The studies of absorbing of TNT compound from soil by wheat

Soil and groundwater at sites throughout the world were contaminated by manufacturing, processing, and storage of explosives. Unlike many other nitroaromatic compounds, including pesticides and various feedstock chemicals, the energetic nitroaromatics and heterocyclic nitroamines are highly resistant to degradation and may persist in the environment for decades. Field analyses have revealed that concentrations of energetic contaminants are sufficiently high to adversely import environmental health in most contaminated sits. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is present in the environment as a result of decommissioning activities and through field usage and disposal activities such as open burning. Plants are important in ecological risk assessment because they contribute to the functional aspects of the soil and because of their role in the food chain. Certain plant species have the ability to accumulate TNT from their surroundings and thus offer a potential means for removing these compounds from the environment. However, most species can not tolerate the contamination levels of the sites, which has to be cleaned. So examining of it plant species with enhances abilities to tolerate and remove TNT from soil upon phytoremediation, remains an area of the challenge. Phytoremediation is an innovative technology that using trees, grasses and other plants to clean our environment and to remediate hazardous waste sites.HPLC analysis showed that TNT measured concentrations (t = 0) were generally similar to their nominal concentrations (i.e., spiked concentrations). However, TNT concentrations were sometimes lower than nominal concentrations. Because analyses for TNT metabolites showed that TNT was not degraded during the evaporation period, and soil samples (taken at t = 0) were not mixed with cover sand, the difference between nominal and initial concentrations (up to two times) were probably associated to a dilution error. Analyses of TNT-spiked soil extracts showed that a1er 14 days, TNT was par33nglly transformed (12% of ini3al exposure concentra3ons in ar3ficial) at the lowest concentra3on (3.2 mg/kg DW). This transformation decreased at higher TNT soil concentrations.