Bone Augmentation using guided bone regeneration for dental implants

Background and Objective: To explain Bone Augmentation using guided bone regeneration for dental implants. The long-term success of dental implants is highly dependent upon the degree of osseointegration in sufficient and healthy bone. Bone volume is often reduced due to extended time after tooth loss before implant placement, or due to periodontitis or trauma. To increase bone volume, a ridge augmentation is often required. One of the methods for bone augmentation is Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR). GBR is a surgical procedure that uses barrier membranes with or without particulate bone grafts or/and bone substitutes.Materials and Methods:A wide range of membrane materials have been used in experimental and clinical studies to achieve GBR. Even so, they can be put in two general groups: Non-resorbable membranes and Bioresorbable membranes. Certain critical criteria regarding membranes used for guided tissue regeneration have been postulated: biocompatibility, cell occlusiveness, integration by the host tissues, clinical manageability, and the space making function. For bioresorbable and biodegradable membranes, additional criteria need to be fulfilled. Bone grafts can act as a filler and scaffold to facilitate bone formation and promote wound healing. Bone grafts may source from material from patient′s own body, an artificial, synthetic, or natural substitute. All grafting materials have one or more of three mechanisms of action (osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction ). The mechanisms by which the grafts act are normally determined by their origin and composition. The method and materials chosen for each case may vary, but to ensure successful GBR, four principles need to be met: exclusion of epithelium and connective tissue, space maintenance, stability of the fibrin clot, and primary wound closure.Conclusion: Presently available data demonstrate GBR therapy to be a predictable and successful procedure to augment bone at sites exhibiting insufficient bone volume for implant placement under standard conditions. Although data are not plentiful, augmentation using this technique has successfully been performed by various groups of investigators.

Keywords:

Guided bone regeneration , Bone Augmentation , Implant