Preparation, characterization and application of SO3H@zeolite-Y as a high efficient nano-catalyst for rapid and facile synthesis of perimidine derivatives

The zeolite can act as a catalyst, Lewis and Brønsted acid, as well as an oxidizing agent. One of the significant properties allowing zeolites to act as catalysts is their ability to exchange cations without decomposing the crystalline structure [1]. Also, the use of solid heterogeneous catalysts in organic synthesis and industrial chemical manufacture, is interesting, remarkable and increasing [2]. They have many advantages such as thermal stability, persistence in all organic solvents, low cost handling, nontoxic and environmentally safe. In recent decades, there has been special attention in the application of solid acids as a catalyst for a variety of organic reactions [3]. Perimidines [4] are tricyclic heterocycles containing a dihydropyrimidine ring ortho and peri-fused to the naphthalene structure. These heterocyclic systems, which have been shown to be interesting candidates for biological studies, are widely applied in industry, agriculture, and medicine [5]. Because of their importance, several methods have been reported for synthesis of these compounds, including reaction of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene with the carbonyl groups. However, despite their potential utility, these methods suffer from one or more disadvantages. Thus, there is still much demand for alternative synthetic routes to perimidine derivatives. For these reasons, and as a part of our research interest in the development of new methods for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds [6,7], we report a clean and facile synthetic procedure for preparation of 2-substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidines, using SO3H@zeolite-Y as an efficient nano-catalyst.