Investigating the toxicity of carbon nanostructures on reproductive systems: A systematic review

Publish Year: 1398
نوع سند: مقاله کنفرانسی
زبان: English
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RMED08_194

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 21 مرداد 1398

Abstract:

Background: Nanotechnology is a new scientific field with novel and small compounds that utilize in different fields over the past ten years especially in medicine. Between these nanostructures, carbon nanostructures are more considerable due to amazing properties. Beside suitable and benefit applications, carbon nanostructures have different side effects on normal cells, tissues and organs. In this review, we investigated the toxicity of carbon nanostructures on reproductive systems.Objective: In this review, we investigated the toxicity of carbon nanostructures on reproductive systems.Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, all article published on toxicity of carbon nanostructures were searched using PubMed, Google scholar, Science direct, Science Citation Index and Embase. Below key words were used for data search: Carbon Nanomaterials/nanostructures, Graphite nanoplatelets, Graphene, Graphene oxide, Single-walled carbon nanotubes, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Fullerene, toxicity, reproductive system, ovary, testis, sexual hormones, functionalization and toxicity, animal model, and human model. Inclusion criteria were as follows: all article about toxicity of nano carbon on all fields of reproductive sciences published between 2000- 2018.Results: Totally, 265 articles were obtained based on criteria. After assessment of subject, titles and abstracts, 212 articles were excluded due to same article or similar data. So, 53 articles were selected and their data was carefully analyzed. This systematic review shows that all shapes of carbon nanostructures have potent toxicity on reproductive system, but between all carbon nanostructures, SWCNTs and Fullerene have the highest and lowest toxicity, respectively. Between different types of graphene, the sequence of toxicity was: Reduced grapheme, graphene, and graphene oxide. In all articles, it’s mentioned that the most important mechanism for toxicity of carbon nanostructures is production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Articles also showed that male reproductive system is more sensitive than female’s ones. The reason given for this difference was that unlike the other organs, testes don’t have suitable protection mechanisms. Data form these articles showed that carbon nanostructures can lead to decrease of fertilization capacity by side effects on sexual hormones, reduction in number of leydig cells, sperm motility and viability, and induction of changes in ovarian tissue. In these investigated articles, functionalization has been introduced as the best procedure for reduction of toxicity on reproductive systems. The largest functional groups used for functionalization were: -COOH, -NH2, basic and acidic amino acids (Lysine, Arginine, Histidine, Glutamate, and Aspartate), and polyethylene glycol (PEG).Conclusion: Based on this review, all allotrope of carbon nanostructures have moderate-high toxicity on reproductive systems in both males and females. So, this must be done with caution in using these nanostructures.

Authors

N Dehghanbaghi

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Science and Art University, Yazd, Iran

H Zare-Zardini

Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran