Challenges in Pre-Pubertal Boys Surgical Sperm Re-trieval

In recent years advances in cancer treatment result in a more survival rate in the patients with various cancers. In the other hand one of the well-known side effect of cancer therapy is the gonadtoxic effects and so infertility in the future. One group of cancer victims is young men or pre-pubertal boys who wish to be a father in the future. One of the challengeable issues in these boys is the preservation of fertility.Cryopreservation is a successful method for fertility preserva-tion in men that may be used in boys by cryopreservation of testicular tissue. The most challengeable issue in pre-pubertal boy may be the preservation of fertility by sperm preservation. In older boy who are able to produce semen through mastur-bation, sperm cryopreservation is a successful method that is non-invasive, non-expensive and can be performed without any delay. Boys who are unable to produce semen by masturbation may undergo vibratory stimulation or electrostimulation with acceptable results. Sperm may be collected via testicular biopsy if spermatogenesis has been occurred. Immature sperms that obtained by testicles biopsy or aspiration have been freeze for sperm banking. For younger boys, the only options available are experimental and require further development through ba-sic science research. Cryopreservation and subsequent in vitro maturation or transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells and testicular tissue has theoretical potential but cannot currently be used in a clinical setting.