Background: Some foodborne poisoning are caused by bacteria that produce toxins, such as Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio parahemolyticus. The methods of toxin detection primarily rely on immunological assays such as ELISA or RPLA (reversed passive latex agglutination) tests, mass spectrometry, single-molecule array technology and lateral flow immunoassays, and agglutination tests, all of them time consuming and can be only performed on previously produced food. Aptamer-based biosensors, When properly designed, enable the highly specific detection of toxigenic bacteria or the presence of their toxin-producing genes.Objectives: This study examined aptamer-based biosensors to detect foodborne toxigenic bacteria.Methods: In this study, we cover the development in aptamer-based biosensors for toxigenic bacteria detection in food by different models. Results: Aptamers detecting toxigenic bacteria can be arranged into the two classes: (a) targeting predefined bacteria cell surface antigens or bacterial virulence factors; and (b) targeting whole cells. Both DNA and RNA aptamers can conform into three dimensional structures, which include stem-loop, bulges, and/or hairpin regions and give rise to binding pockets for their respective targets. To date, studies on antibacterial aptamers have been mostly focused on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. So far, in many strategies have been used to detect toxigenic bacteria, mostly aptamers serve as biological recognition elements, and an enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay, fluorescence, colorimetry, electrochemistry and mass sensitivity have been popular as readout formats. Conclusions: Although aptamer-based methods are being recently used in the commercial space, portable and sensitive aptamer detection is still a growing scope of study providing many stimulating possibilities for food industry and regulatory policies. The challenges that are yet to be solved include adaptation of protocols and sensor performance in specific food systems, strong comparison against traditional methods, and encouraging professional control analysts to replace traditional technology with the novel methods that suggestion significant interests. Evidently, it can be expected that simpler, faster, more efficient, and more economic aptamer-based methods will be developed for toxigenic bacteria detection in the future.