Farahnaz Moattari - Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.
Mehrnaz Moattari - Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Gholamreza Kaka - Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Experimental studies have been done in animal models because doing experiments at the cellular level in humans is clearly limited. Here, we focused on chemical methods as in vivo models of SE. Methods: This literature review is based on English-language articles sourced from PubMed without date limitation for using the following terms. Chemical method, In vivo, Status epilepticus. Findings: The most seizure-prone in both in vivo and in vitro preparations are done in limbic structures. In this regard, limbic and paralimbic structures include the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala and nonlimbic regions can be induced to produce SE models. In chemical methods, using different compounds, either systemically, directly to the brain parenchyma, or into the ventricular system. Rats have been the most commonly considered model. Other species include the mouse, rabbit, piglet, baboon, and other species have been used as well. Chemicals can be separated into promoters of excitatory neurotransmission (e.g., kainic acid, domoic acid) and those that oppose inhibitory neurotransmission (e.g, bicuculline, penicillin). Conclusion: Although chemical models of status epilepticus are moderately easy to generate, the nature of this kind of model makes it challenging to differentiate between properties produced by SE and direct neurotoxic properties of a precise medication.

Chemical method, In vivo, Status epilepticus