Impact of nanoparticles for formation fines fixation and reduction of formation damage

from the literature suvey , fines are loose and unconsolidated particles present in the pores of sand formations. The size of these particles is less than 37 micrometer so they can pass through the 400 US. Mesh. There are four major groups known as the constructors of fines and these groups are clays , quartz, and amorphous materials in addition to other materials like calcite or dolomite. there are some kinds of fines having charges . when we have the production of hydrocarbon fluids and water , fines can easily move through the porous media, so these fines can concentrate near the wellbore and cause the plugging in the well bore. this ability for plugging comes from this point that fines can aggregate and make bigger particles. these bigger particles easily plug the throats because of their bigger sizes in comparison with ordinary fines. another drawback of fine migration is the probability of plugging in sand control production and the erosion in sand control screen the plugging in both the throats and sand control screen causes a large reduction in production in comparison with the situation that we dont have problem.