Introducing novel methods for Nanomaterial production

Manipulating and fabricating nanoscale materials has always been a great challenge. Top bottom and bottom up methods are two different types of techniques for nanomaterial productionMicrobial biosynthesis is an eco-friendly way for nanomaterial fabrication which can be considered as a defense mechanism of some microbes in order to live in high concentration of heavy metals. In fact redox reactions of the active microbial compounds leads nanoparticles production. Anabaena cylindrical and Anabaena flos-aquae are two examples of microorganisms which able to produce gold nanoparticles and Magnetospirilium magneticum is another microbe that produce magnetic nanoparticles.Producing inorganic structures from biological templates is named Biomineralization. This is what happens daily in nature. Different biological models can be used as a template . Bacteria are highly regarded as a template due to their nanostructures such as S-layer, flagella and pili. In S. typhimurium and E.Coli the whole cell and in Lactobacillus bulgaricus the S-layer can be used as a biomodel . In S.thermophilus and B. subtilis either whole cell or S-layer can be applied as a model for ZnO, ZnS and TiO۲ production. Besides that, the pili of Shewanalla oneidensis and Geobacter sulfurreducens and flagella of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans are the other example of biotemplate.These are two types of bottom up or atom by atom method for nanomaterial production. . The author introduced these two techniques as an important method for nanomaterial fabrication.

Keywords:

Bacteria , Biosynthesis , Biotemplate , Nanomaterial