بررسی رویشگاههای طبیعی گیاه دارویی بومادران در استان تهران و مدلسازی رشد آن در اکوسیستم های زراعی

In order to investigate the natural habitats of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and to determine growth physiological indices in agro ecosystem. two separate experiments were carried out during 2002-2006. fn the first experiment that conducted in natural ecosystem condition. treutments were habitats of Tehran province that were used in a completed randomized experimental design. The characteristics as number of plant in plots. shoot yield. flower yield. plant high and essential oil percentage were studied in each habitat. Comparison of means showed that, the Sahrake Taleghan had the highest performance in shoot yield (512.25 glm2) and flower yield (132.72 glm2) which was 'significantly different from other treatments. The minimum shoot yield and flower yield were in side hill of Damavand mountaintop. The highest harvest index (the ratio of flowers to biological yield) was observed in Assara and side hill of Damavand mountaintop that were significantly different from other treatments. The maximum essential oil percentage was obtained in Damavand area (0.334%) which was significantly different from other treatments. The minimum essential oil percentage (0.184%) was observed in Asara and side hill of Damavand mountaintop. The second experiment conducted in the field condition in Alborz Research Center during two years. In the first year after planting in field experiment, the plants viability investigated in dry land condition and determined the growth physiological indices. [n second year, the treatments were irrigation based on total accumulated evaporation from class A pan namely at the rate of 30 mm for exerting mild stress, 60 mm (medium stress), 90 mm (severe stress). full irrigation (no stress) and no irrigation (control). For each treatment, the soil moisture content was measured by weighting method (daily) before and after applying irrigation treatments. The amount of water requires for each treatment was measured by water meter. In second year. the growth physiological indices were also determined. The results showed that, at the first year, dry matter cumulated to 2100 GOD then reduced in during of growth. In second year, the plants in no irrigation condition withered. In others treatments, increasing in soil moisture from severe to medium water stress, the dry mater cumulative and Leaf area index increased. [n all of the stress treatments, decreasing in plant growth was observed in 3000 GOD. The results showed that, mild water stress had highest performance to others treatments. Key words: Yarrow (Achillea millefalil/III), Habitat, Physiological indexes growth, Water stress, Dry land framing, Tehran province I

Keywords:

اکیلیا میله فولیوم , گیاهان دارویی , زیستگاه ها , تنش خشکی , تهران