بررسی استخراج و شناسایی ترکیب های شیمیایی اسانس گل محمدی ‭Rosa damascena Mill ‬در پایه های مختلف کشت شده در استان کردستان

In order to evaluate essence related characteristics of Rosa damascena (Damask rose) accessions, 49 accessions (12 endemic of Kurdistan and 37 from other parts of Iran) were examined using randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications during 2004-8 in Sanandaj (Kurdistan). Recorded data of characteristics in 2006-8 were used for analyses. Samplings from different genotypes were carried out in middle spring. The essential oils were isolated by hydro distillation from flower petals and analyzed by gas chromatography with mass detector (GC/MS). Significant difference (p 0.01) was observed for essence gain and essence yield per plant (essence gain of the plant multiply by petal yield per plant) and essence yield per hectare (essence yield per plant * 1111, the number of plants per hectare) among accessions and years. The significant variance among accessions suggests considerable variation among them for essence gain and yield and selection for these traits could be possible. The comparison of means of years suggesting that dry years (such as 2006 and 2008) or drought conditions resulted in increasing of essence gain while decreasing vegetative traits and flower yield, therefore decreasing essence yield. The variance of accession-year interaction was significant for essence yield indicating that essence yield is highly influenced by the change in years and accessions. According to the results, total mean (accessions and years) of essence gain and essence yield per plant and hectare was 0.000107(0.011%) with coefficient of variation(CV) equal to 37.53%, 0.1313 g per plant with CV equal to 65.33% and 145.822 g per hectare respectively. The mean of the last year of experiment (2008) of essence gain and essence yield per plant and hectare was 0.000104(0.01%), 0.19731 g per plant and 219.12 g per hectare respectively. The studied accessions in present research showed variation from viewpoint of kind and order (quantity) of the first five chemical components of essence. Basis on the results, the higher flower and essence yield needs to the higher vegetative growth and vigorous plants as well as earlier performance of phonological traits and longer growing period. Since the essence yield was due to combined actions of flower and petal yield and essence gain of accessions, therefore, selection of superior accessions for essence quantity was conducted on basis of it. The major compounds of essence in 2007 were n-nonadecane, n-heneicosane, n-tricosane, n-hexadecanol and citronellol with total mean of 36.1, 22.1, 7, 6.7 and 6.6 percentage respectively; while in 2008 the 88 major compounds were n-nonadecane, n-heneicosane, citronellol, cis-rose oxide and n-heptadecane with total mean of 32.4, 20.3, 10.3, 6.8 and 6.6 percentage respectively. Some monotropins such as geraniol and citronellol denote the essence quality. In addition, the accessions of Kurdistan2, Isfahan3, Isfahan4, Isfahan8, Isfahan6, Isfahan2 and Yazd2 with essence yield per hectare equal to 919.0, 852.1, 653.1, 585.5, 575.9, 520.3 and 503.3g were the superior accessions for essence yield in Sanandaj conditions, that their essence quality order based on the index selection (on the basis of geraniol and citronellol percentage in 2 years) from the highest to the lowest were Isfahan3, Isfahan4, Isfahan8, Isfahan6, Yazd2, Isfahan2 and Kurdistan2. Therefore, Isfahan3, Isfahan4 and Isfahan8 could be introduced as high essence yield as well as high essence quality among studied accessions. Key words: Rosa damascena Mill, essence, chemical components, essence yield.

Keywords:

رزا , عصاره های گیاهی , ترکیب شیمیایی , ویژگی های زراعی