b zibania - islamic azad university science and research branchsimon bolivar blv
a.s moghadam - international institute of earthquake eng&seismology

during recent earthquakes concrete elements had poor performance due to the lack of confinement insufficient concrete cover and inadequate length of splices in construction as well as poor design provisions or mistaken design therefore the necessity of evaluation of existing concrete elements behavior model in different situation is required inorder to be able to evaluate the seismic performance on either existing or new structures.

concrete columns , nonlinear hinge model , seismic rehabilitation code