a Benkaran - Master Science of Earthquake Engineering
r Rahbar Rastgar - Science of Geotechnical Engineering
b Hosseini Hashemi - International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Tehran

the destructive effects of earthquake should be investigated to prevent damages in structures the usage of concrete structures is widespread in seismic zones the experiences obtained from recent earthquakes indeicate these structures are vulnerable even if they are modern and in accordance with regulations . all damages that earthquake causes in structural and non- structural elements is due to lateral displacement.

deflection amplification factor , earthquake, nonlinear analysis