Mehdi Hesampour - Urban Management, Islamic Azad University, Khorrambid Branch, Shiraz, Iran
Mohammad Hossein Rouhian۳ - Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch, Shiraz, Iran
Sadegh Kazemi - , Disaster and Emergency Health, Department of Health in Disasters, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University Medical of Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Haleh Adibi-Larijani - Health Education, Responsible for Disaster-Related Reproductive Health Teams, Red Crescent Society, Tehran, Iran

INTRODUCTION: Cities as human settlements have always been at risks. Therefore, they need to have a mechanism to keep safe against dangers automatically. Moreover, this self-safety mechanism happens when passive defense principles observe in the city design. Public spaces should have multi-purpose applications so that their defensive function can also be utilized in addition to the main purpose. The aim of this research is to investigate the passive defense components in the design of urban parks. METHODS: This study is practical-developmental based on purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the nature that was carried out in the Janet Garden of Shiraz, Iran in 2017-2018. The statistical population is Shiraz citizens using random sampling method. The sample size was 384 according to Cochran formula. Data were collected using questionnaire and was validated based on Cronbachchr('39')s alpha (above 0.7) and binomial test and one-sample t-test were used to test the hypotheses. The confidence level and the error rate were 95% and 5% respectively for all three hypotheses. FINDINGS: The results show that observing the principles of passive defense are effective in urban parks designing based on four criteria such as citizenschr('39') security, stability of natural elements, variability of performance of park components, and park space. Most people using the park were 21-35 year olds with a diploma and associate degree and a monthly visit. CONCLUSION: Observing the principles of passive defense in designing or redesign urban parks in addition to improving defensive performance increased the sense of security of citizens’ health and leads to the stability of the elements, components, and park space.

Passive Defense, Urban Parks, Jannat Garden (Iran), Urban Design, Passive Defense, Urban Parks, Jannat Garden (Iran), Urban Design