m Ghazavi - Department of Civil Engineering, K. N. T. University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
m.m Yeganeh - Department of Civil Engineering, K. N. T. University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

distribution of earth pressures on retaining walls under earthquake loading is important in practice. Inthis study the effects of horizontal and vertical seismic excitations on the distribution of the earth pressures on retaining walls are investigated using pseudo -dynamic approach the effect of phase difference in both shear and promary waves travelling through the backfill due to seismic excitation is considered and an exprssion for pseudo-dynamic consideration is achieved.

retaining wall, lateral earth pressure , pseudo dynamic , limit equilibrium approach