Parmida Qanbari - Department of Psychology, UAE Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Biuok Tajeri - Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran.
Hasan Ahadi - Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran.
Farhad Jomehri - Department of Psychology, Allameh Tabatabayi, Tehran, Iran.
Mohamad Reza Seyrafi - Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran.

Background: Adherence to treatment is effective in preventing illness and life expectancy, and is an essential issue in chronic diseases, like diabetes.  Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and education based on protection motivation adherence to treatment in patients with diabetes. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, a three-month follow-up, and the control group was conducted on all diabetic women aged 40-65 years who referred to the diabetes association of Tehran. Forty-five available patients were selected (15 in each experimental group) and assigned randomly to the experimental group 1 (CBT) and experimental group 2 (educational intervention) and the other fifteen patients were the control group and did not receive any psychotherapy. The adherence to the treatment inventory (Morisky, 2010) was administered in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The therapeutic packages of CBT and educational intervention based on protection motivation were applied to the experimental groups (90 min each session) weekly. Repeated measures ANOVA and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data by SPSS V. 22.  Results: The results showed that the effects of two methods of CBT and motivation-based education on adherence to treatment were significant in the post-test (P<0.01). Also, the effect of time on adherence to treatment scores in the follow-up period was significant (P<0.01). There was a difference between the adherence to treatment scores in the three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up regardless of group (P<0.01). The effect of interaction between group and time was also significant (P<0.01).  Conclusion: It can be concluded that CBT and motivation-based education can improve adherence to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. CBT was more effective than motivation-based education on adherence to treatment in post-test and follow-up, and it can be used to improve adherence to treatment in patients with type II diabetes.

Adherence to treatment, Motivation, Diabetes mellitus, Behavior therapy, Cognition