The Construction Aspects of Breakwaters

Construction of breakwaters is a costly operation involving large volumes of rock, or rock and concrete. The breakwater profile, method of operation and the project environment determine the plant and material requirement.Designing a breakwater with its construction, economically and technically, in mind calls for the appreciation of material and plant availability and the price of procurement.In this paper it is argued that in places where the plant supply problem is overwhelming, a material (rock) oriented design approach should be adapted.In addition some common supply problems and construction techniques are discussed.

Keywords:

gradation of rock , quarry yield , berm , breakwaters , rubble mound