M Naderi - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
M Mozdianfard - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

More recently, drinking water providers have faced an array of new challenges, including:Treating resistant pathogens such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium Minimizing disinfection by-products New environmental and safety regulations and Strengthening security at treatment facilities To meet these new challenges, water system managers must design unique disinfection approaches to match each system’s characteristics and source water quality. While chlorination remains the most commonly used disinfection method by far, water systems may use alternative disinfectants, including chloramines, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet radiation. No single disinfection method is right for all circumstances, and in fact, water systems may use a variety of methods to meet overall disinfection goals at the treatment plant, and to provide residual protection throughout the distribution system. The sections below describe various disinfection technologies, and discuss the major advantages and limitations associated with each.

Water Treatment, Disinfection, Chlorination, Chloramine, Ozone; UV Radiation