Effects of clomiphene citrate plus estradiol or progesterone on endometrial ultrastructure: An RCT

Background: Pinopods concentrations in endometrial surface is a marker of implantation. estradiol valerate (EV) was used for change the adverse effects of Clomiphene Citrate (CC) on the endometrium. Endometrial morphology was less examined in this fields. Objective (s): To assess whether there is a significant difference in endometrial pinopods concentrations and other parameters after adding estradiol valerate (EV) and progesterone to higher doses of clomiphene citrate (CC). Study design: In this prospective randomized clinical trial, a total of 30 women, who did not respond to 100 mg CC from February 2016 until June 2016 were evaluated. They received 150 mg CC alone or CC with EV or CC plus progesterone. On day 21 of the menstrual cycle, endometrial biopsy and a blood sampling and scanning by electron microscopy were performed. Results: On day 21 of the menstrual cycle there was no significant difference regarding pinopods concentrations (P=0.641) and serum estrogen levels (P=0.276) between groups. Serum progesterone levels on day 21 of the menstrual cycle among patients treated with CC, was higher than the other two groups (P=0.007). Conclusions: The addition of EV and progesterone to higher dosages of CC, did not changes the pinopods concentration and serum estrogen levels on day 21 of the menstrual cycle. It can be concluded that the anti- estrogenic effects of CC just appear on the endometrium. In this study, there were higher levels of serum progesterone on day 21 of the menstrual cycles in the CC alone compared to other two groups.

Keywords:

Ovulation induction , Clomiphene , Estradiol , Progesterone , Electron microscopy , Endometrium. , القای تخمک­ گذاری , کلومیفن , استرادیول , پروژسترون , میکروسکوپ , الکترونی , آندومتر.