Background: Upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGIC) include gastric and esophageal cancers isthat one of the major causes of cancer related death in the world. A number of risk factors arenow known to be related to the development of the disease. Previous reports indicated that afamily history is a serious risk, but there is a little information about this in Iran. The aim ofthis study was to explore the relation between
family history of cancer and the risk of UGIC inIran.Material and Methods: The present study was designed case-control, performed on 106patients with UGIC who referred to Imam Ali Hospital Zahedan during 2016-2017. 106 controlHospital and 106 controls neighborhood that matched, to the cases UGIC of on sex and age.Trained staff interviewed study subjects face-to-face using a standard questionnaire afterMaintaining ethical standards, which covers information on demographic characteristics,lifestyles and
family history of cancer. We used conditional logistic regression models toestimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of UGIC associated with afamily history of cancers. The data were enterd to SPSS 22 software and used of descriptivestatistics and t-test for data analysis.Results: Of 106 patients with UGIC, 49.2% of women and 50.8% of men and over 70 years ofage were the most frequent. 37.7% of urban patients and 62.3% were in rural areas. UGIC riskwas associated with Family history of cancer. Associations were significant for history in firstdegreerelatives in Neighborhood (OR, 5.39, 95% CI 2.59–11.21), and Hospital (OR.4.07, 95%CI 2.04–8.1) Control group. On the other hand, Associations were significant for history inSecond-degree relatives in Neighborhood (OR, 3.87, 95% CI 1.4–10.69), and Hospital(OR.2.74, 95% CI 1.07–6.97) Control groups.Conclusions: In this study showed that family history, increases the risk of development of theUGIC. Further studies are needed to better understand the roles of genetic and environmentalfactors and their interaction UGIC development in the Iranian community.