Background and objectives: Globally, gastric cancer is the second most common cancer andthe second cause of cancer-related death. Recent reviews of gastric cancer have indicated asignificant spread of the cancer cells to the proximal part of the stomach and the evidence ofcellular dispersed through the cardia region, making gastric cardia the most common cancerdiagnosis. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on cancer of gastric cardiaepidemiological investigations and potential risk factors, as well as to analyze and evaluate therelevant information and to introduce a new argument and knowledge over this topic.Material and Methods: An analysis of published papers and documents is performed. And amixture of two methods of data collection, including field and documentary (identification,consideration, organization, and evaluation of information contained in the documents)research methods, is employed.Introduction: The highest incidence of gastrointestinal cancer from Iran has been reportedfrom Ardabil, with a higher prevalence of cancer of gastric cardia among the diagnosed cases.Based on the reports, men had higher cancer of gastric cardia rates than women, with almosttwo times more cases than the latter. Potential risk factors are associated with the level ofhygiene and lifestyle factors of a population as risk factors, including age more than 50 years,obesity, tobacco smoking, as well as low intake of fruit and vegetables, high salt consumptionincrease the incidence of cancer of gastric cardia in communities.Conclusions: Unfortunately, the incidence of cancer of gastric cardia has followed anincreasing trend in Ardabil province, and the prevalence rates for this disease increases afterage 50 years, meaning further studies and investigations are necessary to successfully preventthe incidence of cancer in this province.