Elnaz Adamzadeh - Master of Science Urban Designing, Imam Khomeini International University
Niloufar Narimani - Master of Science Urban Designing, University of Tabriz

With the development of urbanization and the emergence of large cities, cities and urban elements in two ways, the climate has affected their surroundings and created sub-climatic changes. Due to the differences in sub-climates, the city has different areas in terms of heat phenomenon and a heat island is created in the city. The emergence of these special areas is related to various human and natural factors such as urban morphology, thermal properties of materials, density, reduction of evaporation levels, human heat, etc. The phenomenon of heat island, which is the difference between the temperature of urban areas and suburban areas, is the main cause of increased cooling energy of buildings and deterioration of thermal comfort conditions in urban spaces, followed by a decrease in social welfare of citizens. The most important factor in the difference between human comfort in urban sub-climates and open urban climates is the difference in air temperature, radiation reception and wind speed. Therefore, urban design with techniques such as the use of materials with high albedo, focus on the use of green spaces, reducing heat from human activities, the use of cold materials in urban areas, control of radiant energy in open spaces, the use of ambient heat reducers and Increasing wind flow in roads and urban networks; It brings urban sub-climates closer to the comfort zone and prepares urban spaces for the presence of citizens.

microclimate, urban heat island, thermal comfort