Zahra Giti - Department of Sports Physiology, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Abdolali Banaeifar - Department of Sports Physiology, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Sajad Arshadi - Department of Sports Physiology, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani - Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: One of the main causes of Alzheimer's disease is an increase in amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, which are produced by the activity of the enzyme gamma-secretase (γ-secretase). Although exercise and the use of royal jelly have protective effects on neurons, there is limited information about their interactive effects, so the present study was performed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of positive slope training (PST) and negative slope Training (NST), along with the use of royal jelly (RJ) on the hippocampal expression of Aβ and γ-secretase in Alzheimer's rats treated with trimethyltin (TMT). Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male rats were injected intraperitoneally with 8 mg/kg TMT and were randomly assigned to seven groups of 6 subjects, including: (1) sham (royal jelly solvent), (2) PST, (3) NST, (4) PST+RJ, (6) NST+RJ and (7) RJ were divided. To assess the effects of Alzheimer's induction on variables, six rats were included in the healthy control group. Rats performed endurance training for eight-weeks, five days per week, and 60 minutes per session and the royal jelly groups received 100 mg/kg royal jelly peritoneally each day for eight weeks. Results: PST, NST, and RJ decreased the expression of Aβ and γ-secretase (P <0.001). Also, PST+RJ and NST+RJ decreased the expression of Aβ and γ-secretase in the hippocampal tissue of rats with Alzheimer's disease (P <0.001). Conclusion: It seems that PST, NST, and RJ can reduce the progression of Alzheimer's disease markers, and PST+RJ and NST+RJ synergistically reduce the progression of Alzheimer's disease in animal models. 

Training, Royal jelly, Amyloid-beta, Gamma Secretase, Alzheimer's disease