The Effect of Eight-week Swimming Exercise and Gallic Acid on Hippocampal BDNF and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Trimethyltin Induced Cognitive deficits

Background and Objective: Trimethyltin (TMT) is an organotin neurotoxin which causes cognitive disorders by the induction of selective damage in hippocampus. The present study evaluates the effect of ۸-week swimming exercise (EX) and Gallic acid (GA) for working and avoidance memory, hippocampal oxidative stress indices and brain neurotrophic factor expression (BDNF) in rats after TMT intoxication. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, ۴۰ Wistar mature male rats were randomly put in ۵ groups of control, TMT+NS, TMT+GA۲۰۰, TMT+EX, TMT+GA۲۰۰+EX. ۲۴ hours after TMT intoxication (۸mg/kg), ۸ weeks of swimming exercise (۳ sessions per week), and treatment with GA (۲۰۰mg/kg) were done. Then, the evaluation of working and passive avoidance memory was performed respectively by the use of Y maze and shuttle box. Hippocampal level of catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and BDNF were done by ELISA method, and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was performed by thiobarbituric acid (MDA). Statistical differences between groups were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: The significant decrease in the percentage of alteration behaviors, latency time to the dark room, along with BDNF, CAT, TAC and increase of MDA were seen in TMT+NS group compared to control group (p<۰.۰۱). Swimming exercise in the interaction with GA ameliorates working and avoidance memory by increasing BDNF, CAT, TAC, and decrease of MDA compared to TMT+NS group (p<۰.۰۵). Conclusion: It seems that swimming exercise and GA administration improves cognitive symptoms following TMT intoxication simultaneously by decreasing oxidative stress and increasing BDNF expression.

Keywords:

Swimming , Trimethyltin Compounds , Gallic acid , Oxidative stress , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor