Vanadium Compounds Mediated Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in K۵۶۲ Cell Line

Background and Objective: Compounds of heavy metals such as vanadium, nickel, and cobalt can be useful in treatment of many diseases. There are several reports on the biological effects of vanadium compounds including insulin-like action and reduction of hypertension. A number of studies on vanadium have shown its promising ability to inhibit cancers in a variety of malignant cell lines. The goal of this study was to examine the anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing characteristics of some newly synthesized shifft-based vanadium (VOLComplex:C۱۹H۲۰N۲O۵V) on K۵۶۲ leukemia cells. Materials and Methods: The MTT results show that the K۵۶۲ cells viability is sensitive to the Vol complex in a concentration dependent manner. It was evident that the VOL complexe, up to a dose of ۳۵۰ µg/ml, were non-cytotoxic in vitro after ۴۸ hours of incubation time. In order to investigate if the Vol complexe have just anticancer effect, we designed further studies with non-cytotoxic doses of the complex. Based on the cell viability data, the concentrations of ۱۵۰, ۲۵۰, and ۳۵۰ µg/ml of the VOL complexe were selected to treat the K۵۶۲ cells for ۱۲, ۲۴, and ۴۸ hr to induce apoptosis. Results: The results of apoptosis analysis and flow cytometric examination show that exposure of the K۵۶۲ cells to non-cytotoxic dosses of the VOL complex leads to induction of apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The highest level of apoptosis (۳۷.۹۶%) occurred after ۴۸ hr of treatment in response to ۳۵۰ µg/ml of the Vol complex. Moreover, the cell cycle analysis shows that the VOL complex induces a G۰/G۱ arrest. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the Vol complex, even at a non-cytotoxic dose, has an apoptosis inducing effect, and that it is capable of arresting the affected cells in the G۰/G۱ phase of the cell cycle. Taken together, based on their role on induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, VOL complexes may have the potential for being included in an anti-cancer drug discovery program in the near future.

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Keywords: Vanadium , K۵۶۲ , MTT assay , Flow cytometry , Apoptosis , Cell cycle