The effect of R۱۰ fraction of garlic extract on the expression of Bmp۱۵ and Gdnf۹ genes in PCOS model mice

Background and Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy. PCOS affects ۷% to ۱۴% of reproductive-aged women and is associated with reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. It is commonly defined by increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, androgens, and an increased prevalence of subfertility. Thus, one of the avenues for this disease is the immunomodulation of the immune system. R۱۰ fraction of garlic extract has immunomodulatory activity in cellular immune response and has been shown in previous studies.Methods: Immunomodulatory R۱۰ fraction of garlic extract was prepared using ultra-filtration, chromatofocusing and electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and further purified using Sephadex G۷۵ and was injected once-daily in two groups of estradiol valerate-induced PCOS mice for ۷ and ۱۴ days with the concentration of ۲۰mg/kg. Also, the expression of Gdf۹ and Bmp۱۵ genes that play an important role in proper ovarian function and embryonic development was determined by real-time PCR.Results: In the electrophoresis, the R۱۰ fraction displayed a single band at about ۱۳ kDa, which contained three types of proteins (R۱۰A, R۱۰B, and R۱۰C) with various isoelectric points as purified by chromatofocusing. Also the expression of growth differentiation factor ۹ (Gdf۹) and Bone morphogenetic protein ۱۵ (Bmp۱۵) genes after treatment of R۱۰ fraction in PCOS mice increased in comparison with estradiol valerate-induced PCOS of mice.Conclusion: BMP۱۵ and GDF۹ play a critical function in follicular development and oocyte maturation. Bmp۱۵ and Gdf۹ were first expressed at very low levels in primordial follicles, and with follicular development, their expression increased gradually. The expression of Bmp۱۵ and Gdf۹ in ovarian tissues varies among the developmental stages in both granulosa and oocyte cells in mice ovarian tissues. The expression of these genes decreased and was delayed in the early follicular stage in PCOS ovarian tissues, and these varieties in expression perhaps related to aberrant follicular development in patients with PCOS. Finally, R۱۰ fraction of garlic extract may have a positive effects on improving the functions of Bmp۱۵ and Gdf۹ genes.

Keywords:

PCOS , Garlic extract , R۱۰ fraction , Immunomodulation , gene expression