Effects of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate on Cytogenetic Traits of Some Iranian Garlic Masses (Allium sativum L.)

Background and Aim: Garlic (Allium sativum L) is one of the medicinal plants that has many properties in modern and traditional medicine. Because it does not produce fertile seed, it is impossible to create a new cultivar through classic breeding with pollination between the cultivars. Therefore, to make diversity, mutation is the only way to cause diversity with chromosomal changes . The mutation has been accepted as a useful tool in plant breeding programs that is able to provide the maximum variation available for selection action.In this research, the effects of ethyl methane sulfanate on the cytological Traits of some Iranian cultivars have been studied.Methods: In this study, roots of ۱ to ۲ cm length were selected and to obtain appropriate number of ۱% alpha-bromonaphthalene metaphase cells for ۸ h as pre-treatment at ۴ ° C from Levitsky solution for fixation and prevention. Excessive shortening of chromosomes was used to hydrolyze sodium hydroxide (NaoH), a normal at ۶۰ ° C for ۱۵ minutes in a steam bath (Ben Marie), and used aceto-iron-hematoxylin dye for chromosome staining. Cytological analysis of variance was performed based on randomized complete design. For this purpose, karyotypic chromosomal parameters of homologous chromosomes were analyzed by SAS۹.۱ software.Results: The results showed that total genome length (TL) was positively and positively correlated with traits obtained directly from the arms length and a strong and positive correlation was found between total chromosome length and short to long arms with values of ۰.۹۶ and ۰.۹۷ percentages indicate the close relationship of these traits with each other in the set. Percentage of general form was negatively correlated and strongly correlated with long arm to short arm ratio and had a positive and significant correlation with short arm to long arm ratio, which confirms the validity of the karyotypic symmetry conclusion based on other results Conclusion: Overall results of the study of the effects of ethyl methanesulfonate on cytological traits showed that the cultivars had different karyotypic traits and could be used in future breeding programs.

Keywords:

cytological traits , chromosomal mutation , long to short arm length , ethyl methane sulfanate , new cultivars