Stéphanie J.E. Becker - Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Wendy E. Bruinsma - Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Thierry G. Guitton - Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Chantal M.A.M. van der Horst - Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Simon D. Strackee - Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
David Ring - Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

Background: Treatment recommendations for trapeziometacarpal (TMC) arthrosis are highly variable from surgeonto surgeon. This study addressed the influence of viewing radiographs on a decision to offer surgery for TMC arthrosis.Methods: In an online survey, ۹۲ hand surgeons viewed clinical scenarios and were asked if they would offer surgeryto ۳۰ patients with TMC arthrosis. Forty-two observers were randomly assigned to review clinical information aloneand ۵۰ to review clinical information as well as radiographs. The degree of limitation of daily activities, time sincediagnosis, prior treatment, pain with grind, crepitation with grind, and metacarpal adduction with metacarpophalangealhyperextension were randomized for each patient scenario to determine the influence of these factors on offers ofsurgery. A cross-classified binary logistic multilevel regression analysis identified factors associated with surgeon offerof surgery.Results: Surgeons were more likely to offer surgery when they viewed radiographs (۴۲% vs. ۳۲%, P = ۰.۰۱). Otherfactors associated variation in offer of surgery included greater limitation of daily activities, symptoms for a year,prior splint or injection, deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Factors not associated included limb dominance,prominence of the TMC joint, crepitation with the grind test, and pinch and grip strength.Conclusion: Surgeons that view radiographs are more likely to offer surgery to people with TMC arthrosis.Surgeons are also more likely to offer surgery when people do not adapt with time and nonoperative treatment.Given the notable influence of surgeon bias, and the potential for surgeon and patient impatience with theadaptation process, methods for increasing patient participation in the decision-making process merit additionalattention and study.Level of evidence: Not applicable.

Decision-making, interobserver variation, Osteoarthritis, Surgery, Trapeziometacarpal arthrosis, Treatment