Maryam Nakhaee Moghadam - Pediatric Endocrinologist, School of Medicine, Children and Adolescents Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
Gholamreza Soleimani - Associate Professor of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Children and Adolescents Health Research Center, Ali-Ibn-Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan, Iran.
Elham Shafighi Shahri - Assistant Professor, Fellow of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics , Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
Fatemeh Akbarirad - Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ali-Ibn-Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.

Background: The available sources indicate our insufficient knowledge about vitamin D levels in infants born in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the vitamin D status and effective maternal factors on vitamin D levels in cord blood of neonates born in south-east of Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study was performed on neonates who were born in Ali-Ibn-Abitaleb Hospital (Zahedan, Iran), and their mothers from August ۲۰۲۰ to January ۲۰۲۱. To assess the maternal serum and umbilical cord level of vitamin D, ۵ ml of whole blood (umbilical cord blood and maternal venous blood) was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between different levels of the infants’ vitamin D and some maternal vitamin D deficiency factors were evaluated. Results: A total of ۱۹۰ pregnant women & ۱۹۰ infants participated in this study. The mean serum level of vitamin D in newborns was ۳۷.۹۰ ngr/ml, of which ۴۱(۲۱.۸%) were vitamin D deficient.  Vitamin D status of neonatal cord blood was significantly related to using vitamin D supplements by mother during pregnancy, parity, maternal literacy level, infant gender, maternal exposure to sunlight and maternal vitamin D status (p<۰.۰۵ for all). Conclusion: Our study showed that using vitamin D supplements by mother during pregnancy, parity, maternal literacy level, infant gender, maternal exposure to sunlight and maternal vitamin D status are related to the infants’ vitamin D status. Further research is needed to determine the reason behind some established relationships in the present research including the relationship between parity and vitamin D in neonates.

Infant, Mother, pregnancy, Vitamin D deficiency