Evaluation of the in vivo safety of polyrhodanine nanoparticles and its antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) by using a chicken embryo model

Evaluation of the potential cytotoxicity ofpolyrhodanine nanoparticles is animportant factor for its antimicrobial or antiviral uses. In the current study, the effect of polyrhodanine nanoparticles on developmental procedurewasevaluated by hitopathological and biochemical analysison chicken embryo model.Polyrhodanine nanoparticles were synthesized by the chemical oxidative polymerization method. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fourier transform infrared (FTIR). SEM analysis showed that the average particle size of the polyrhodanine nanoparticles is about ۷۰ nm.Different doses of polyrhodanine nanoparticles were injected into the albumen in ۴-day-old embryonic eggs in four groups: (۰.۱ ppm, ۱ ppm, ۱۰ ppm and ۱۰۰ ppm), while the control group received only normal saline.The gross examination of chicks revealed no abnormality.No pathological changes were detected in microscopical examination of the liver, kidney, spleen, heart, bursa of Fabricius, and central nervous system (CNS) tissues. Blood serum biochemical indices showed nosignificant differences between control and treatment groups. Interestingly,polyrhodanine nanoparticles showed strong antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus (NDV)in ovo.These preliminary findings suggested that polyrhodanine nanoparticles might be utilized in controlling Newcastle disease in chickens,but its potential toxic side effects at molecular levels must be clarified in extensive research.

Keywords:

Polyrodanine , nanoparticles , chemical polymerization , toxicity , antiviral activity