Incidence of pressure ulcer in patients who were admitted to open heart cardiac surgery intensive care unit

Background and aims: Cardiac surgery patients are at high risk of pressure ulcers. In the present study, we determined the incidence of pressure ulcer in patients who were admitted to open heart cardiac surgery intensive care unit and related risk factors. Methods: With using convenience sampling all the eligible patients who were admitted to Boali cardiac surgery during June to August ۲۰۱۵ were invited to participate in this study. Patients’ skins were assessed using pressure ulcer staging system developed by National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) and Braden scale before operation, after operation (in time of cardiac intensive care unit admission) and one times per day to patients discharge for sign of pressure ulcer development. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test and independent t-test in SPSS ۲۰.۰ statistical software. Results: During ۳ months, ۷۰ patients who were eligible were admitted to cardiac intensive care unit. From all, in ۳۲ (۴۵.۷%) patient’s pressure ulcer was seen. From those, ۴۱.۴% were in stage I and ۴.۳% were in stage II. Mean score of Braden score in time of ICU admission was ۱۱.۱±۲.۳ and ۱۵.۱±۲.۳ in patients with and without pressure ulcer development (P<۰.۰۰۱). Factors such as lower Braden Scale score (P=۰.۰۰۱), diabetes (P=۰.۰۱), hypertension (P=۰.۰۰۱), NPO time after surgery (P=۰.۰۰۶), mean time of surgery (P=۰.۰۰۷), mean time of need to mechanical ventilation after surgery (P=۰.۰۰۳), low ejection fraction (P=۰.۰۰۶) and lower level of hemoglobin after surgery (P=۰.۰۱۲) increased the risk of pressure ulcer development significantly. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that patients who were admitted to open heart cardiac surgery intensive care unit are at high risk of pressure ulcer development. Medical and care-giving teams in the cardiac intensive care unit need further education about risk factors of pressure ulcer development to prevent this.  

Keywords:

Pressure ulcer , Risk Factors , Cardiac intensive care , Predictive scale