Saeed Arefanian - Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
Shahrzad Azizaddini - Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, SaintLouis, Missouri, USA
Mohammad Reza Neishaboury - Department of Research, Kaviani Breast Diseases Institute (KBDI), Tehran, Iran
Sanaz Zand - Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Soheil Saadat - Department of Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Ahmad Kaviani - Department of Research, Kaviani Breast Diseases Institute (KBDI), Tehran, Iran- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Background: Despite being a frequent plastic surgery complaint, the causes andpredisposing factors for breast ptosis have not been studied profoundly. Studyingptosis causative factors will improve prevention, patient select and education,surgical outcome, and patient education. The present study aims to demonstrate thepotential predisposing factors for breast ptosis. Methods: In a ۶-month study was conducted at the research department ofKaviani Breast Diseases Institute, Tehran, Iran, all female patients referring to thebreast clinic were assessed. Patients with a background of severe comorbidities,history of breast surgery, and breast cancer were excluded. Data on demographiccharacteristics, current and past medical history, physical examination, and ptosispresence grade were collected. Results: A total number of ۱۴۱ patients, with the mean age of ۳۵.۸ years, wereincluded. About ۷۲% of the patients had varying grades of breast ptosis. Patientswith ptosis tended to be of older age, weight, BMI, and brassiere size, were morelikely to be menopausal, and had begun wearing brassiere at younger ages. Theordinal model revealed an association between ptosis and age, age at wearingbrassiere, current breast size, and smaller cup size in patients.Conclusion: We suggest age and breast size as the predisposing factors forbreast ptosis. In our study, there was no relation between breast ptosis and history oflactation or the number of pregnancies. The effects of hormonal and menstrualstatus, as well as drinking and smoking habits, need to be investigated further.

Breast ptosis, predisposing factors, breast cosmetics