Risk Factors of Mortality among Hospitalized COVID-۱۹ Patients in A Large University Hospital in Tehran, Iran

Backgrounds: Coronavirus disease ۲۰۱۹ (COVID-۱۹) pandemic is considered as a global health challenge, and Iran is among the top ten countries with the highest mortality rate. This study aimed to analyze epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of hospitalized SARS-CoV-۲ infected patients and identify the risk factors of mortality among them to facilitate the prioritization of resources and vaccine allocation in the population using data available in a large university hospital in Tehran, Iran. Materials & Methods: From February ۲۰ to May ۱۴, ۲۰۲۰, a total of ۶۸۴ COVID-۱۹ confirmed cases were admitted to Imam Hossein University hospital in Tehran and enrolled in this retrospective observational study. Findings: The mean age of the participants was ۵۹.۴۸±۱۶.۶۵ years, and ۵۵.۸% were male. Compared to survivors, non-survivors (n=۱۲۷, ۱۸.۵۷%) were older (۶۹.۰۹±۱۴.۱۶ vs. ۵۷.۲۹±۱۶.۴۰), had higher average number of comorbidities, and more frequently suffered from dyspnea, convulsion, loss of consciousness (LOC), tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypoxia. They also had higher levels of leukocytes, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), urea, and serum creatinine (p<.۰۵). Serum potassium (K), lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, HCO۳, and serum sodium (Na) were significantly lower in non-survivors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis results revealed that nine variables were positively associated with mortality. Conclusion: Among COVID-۱۹ patients admitted to the hospital, having more than two or three comorbidities, loss of consciousness, SpO۲ < ۹۰%, increased CRP, CPK, urea, and serum potassium, were associated with mortality.

Keywords:

SARS-CoV-۲ , COVID-۱۹ , Risk factors , Mortality