Effect of fertilizer management systems on growth and balance of nutrients in wheat cultivation

In order to investigate the effect of different fertilizer systems on the accumulation and balance of macro and microelements in the soil and some morphological characteristics of wheat, in order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and to determine the best level of treatments, this experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments include control (T۱), manure (T۲), vermicompost (T۳)), chemical fertilizers NPK (T۴), vermicompost + nitroxin (T۵), manure + nitroxin (T۶), manure + chemical NPK (T۷), were examined. The results showed that different nurturing systems were significant for all studied traits (p < ۰.۰۱). The use of manure combined with chemical fertilizers had a positive and significant effect on the economic yield of the grain at the rate of ۳۴۴۰ kg/ha so that it caused an increase of ۸۷.۷۱% compared to the control. The highest and lowest biomass yields with ۹۵۸۰ and ۳۸۹۰ kg were related to the treatment of chemical fertilizers and no fertilizer (control), respectively. In this study, chemical fertilizers increased plant height, grain weight per spike and spike weight per plant. The results of the process of changes in soil elements showed that chemical fertilizers had the highest amount of nitrogen (equal to ۰.۵۲%) compared to other treatments. Compared to the control, manure increased iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium, potassium and phosphorus in the soil by ۱۵.۰۳, ۳۰۳, ۹.۱۶, ۸.۱۵, ۲.۲۶ and ۱۰ ppm, respectively,. The results of this study showed that the use of manure and integrated fertilizers have better results than other fertilizer treatments in increasing soil nutrients, which can be a good alternative to chemical fertilizers, in the direction of moving towards the principles of sustainable agriculture, while moving towards sustainable agriculture and they will reduce environmental pollution.

Keywords:

Yield , concentration of elements , Animal and chemical fertilizers , combined fertilizers , Sustainable agriculture